Active and Passive Voice – BSEB Class 10 English Grammar Rules एवं प्रश्नोत्तर

Active and Passive Voice – Introduction

Voice से यह पता चलता है कि sentence में subject स्वयं कार्य कर रहा है या उस पर कार्य किया जा रहा है। Voice के दो मुख्य प्रकार हैं – Active Voice और Passive Voice.

Active Voice

जिस sentence में subject स्वयं action करता है, वह Active Voice कहलाता है।

Example: Ram writes a letter.

यहाँ Ram action कर रहा है, इसलिए sentence Active Voice में है।

Passive Voice

जिस sentence में subject पर action किया जाता है, वह Passive Voice कहलाता है।

Example: A letter is written by Ram.

Basic Rule

Active Voice को Passive Voice में बदलते समय सामान्यतः Active Voice का object Passive Voice का subject बन जाता है और main verb का V3 form प्रयोग किया जाता है।

Present Simple

Active: He writes a letter.

Passive: A letter is written by him.

Present Continuous

Active: He is writing a letter.

Passive: A letter is being written by him.

Present Perfect

Active: He has written a letter.

Passive: A letter has been written by him.

Past Simple

Active: He wrote a letter.

Passive: A letter was written by him.

Past Continuous

Active: He was writing a letter.

Passive: A letter was being written by him.

Past Perfect

Active: He had written a letter.

Passive: A letter had been written by him.

Future Simple

Active: He will write a letter.

Passive: A letter will be written by him.

Modal Auxiliary

Active: He can do the work.

Passive: The work can be done by him.

Imperative Sentences

Imperative sentence के Passive में सामान्यतः Let + object + be + V3 का प्रयोग किया जाता है।

Active: Open the door.

Passive: Let the door be opened.

Active: Help the poor.

Passive: Let the poor be helped.

Interrogative Sentences

Active: Did he write a letter?

Passive: Was a letter written by him?

Active: Who wrote this book?

Passive: By whom was this book written?

Important Rules

• केवल transitive verbs का सामान्यतः passive बनाया जाता है।
• Object को subject बनाया जाता है।
• Main verb का V3 form प्रयोग होता है।
• Tense के अनुसार helping verb बदलती है।
• Pronoun का case बदलता है: I → me, he → him, she → her, they → them.

Practice Questions

1. He writes a letter.
2. She is reading a book.
3. They have completed the work.
4. Ram bought a car.
5. He will finish the work.
6. Open the door.
7. Can you solve this problem?

Answers

1. A letter is written by him.
2. A book is being read by her.
3. The work has been completed by them.
4. A car was bought by Ram.
5. The work will be finished by him.
6. Let the door be opened.
7. Can this problem be solved by you?

Conclusion

Active and Passive Voice में sentence structure और tense की समझ सबसे महत्वपूर्ण है। नियमित practice से voice परिवर्तन के questions आसानी से हल किए जा सकते हैं।